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Individualised dose mapping uncertainty estimation in the reirradiation setting.

Chelmis Muthoni Thiong'o1, Marcel van Herk1,2, Kathryn Banfill3

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Physics and Imaging in Radiation Oncology
|December 26, 2025
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Estimating uncertainties in deformable image registration (DIR) for reirradiation planning is crucial. This study presents an individualized method to assess these dose mapping uncertainties, showing patient-specific variations are significant.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Medical Physics
  • Radiation Oncology
  • Image Analysis

Background:

  • Deformable image registration (DIR) is vital for reirradiation planning by enabling assessment of prior radiation doses.
  • DIR introduces uncertainties in dose mapping, posing a challenge for accurate individual patient treatment planning.
  • Current methods lack individualized approaches to quantify these dose mapping uncertainties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate an individualized method for estimating uncertainties in deformable image registration (DIR) based dose mapping.
  • To assess the impact of patient-specific variations on dose mapping uncertainties in reirradiation.
  • To evaluate the feasibility of using a commercially available treatment planning system for uncertainty estimation.

Main Methods:

  • Performed 16 DIRs per patient for 54 reirradiation cases (27 head and neck, 27 lung).
  • Assessed DIR geometric accuracy using mean distance to agreement (mDTA) for organs at risk (OARs).
  • Estimated dose mapping uncertainties (mean, D0.1 cm³, voxel-wise) for plausible registrations (mDTA ≤ 0.3 cm).

Main Results:

  • Plausible DIR mappings achieved for 78.6%–88.2% of OARs, with significant inter-patient and inter-OAR variability.
  • Dose mapping uncertainties ranged from 0–0.43 Gy for mean dose and 0–0.78 Gy for D0.1 cm³.
  • Voxel-wise uncertainties were highest in regions of steep dose gradients; performance was consistent across registration sets.

Conclusions:

  • An individualized method for estimating dose mapping uncertainties in reirradiation planning with integrated quality control was successfully developed.
  • Observed patient-specific differences underscore the necessity for individualized DIR assessment in reirradiation.
  • Utilizing fewer registrations proved to be a pragmatic approach for uncertainty estimation.