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Clinical Manifestations.

Layaly Shihadeh1, Stephen A Coombes2,3, Emily Ahne1

  • 1Florida Atlantic University, Davie, FL, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Intrusion percentages in verbal fluency tasks are linked to cognitive decline and brain changes. Higher intrusions correlate with dementia and reduced frontal lobe volume, suggesting a potential marker for aging-related cognitive impairment.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Verbal memory intrusions are known indicators of cognitive decline in aging.
  • The significance of intrusions in verbal fluency (VF) tasks is less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if intrusion percentages in phonemic (PF) and category (CF) VF tasks differ across cognitive diagnoses.
  • To examine these differences longitudinally over three years.
  • To determine the association between VF intrusions and frontal, temporal, and hippocampal brain volumes.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of participants from the 1Florida Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (ADRC) with varying cognitive statuses (cognitively normal, MCI, dementia).
  • Intrusion percentages from PF and CF tasks were collected over three years.
  • Brain volumes were assessed using MRI scans at baseline.

Main Results:

  • Intrusion percentages significantly differed across diagnostic groups at years 2 and 3, indicating an association with cognitive status.
  • Individuals with dementia showed higher intrusion percentages compared to cognitively normal individuals.
  • Higher baseline VF intrusion percentages correlated with reduced volumes in frontal and temporal brain regions, particularly the left frontal pole and left caudal mid-frontal areas.

Conclusions:

  • Intrusion percentages in verbal fluency tasks may serve as a sensitive indicator of cognitive decline in aging.
  • These intrusion percentages are associated with structural changes in the left frontal lobe.