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A Metadata Extraction Approach for Clinical Case Reports to Enable Advanced Understanding of Biomedical Concepts
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Clinical Manifestations.

Valeria Contreras1, Bettina Aguiar1

  • 1UdelaR, Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Cognitive assessment for driving in South America is not standardized. Research suggests executive functions and the Boston Naming Test (BNT) are key for evaluating older adults and those with cognitive impairment.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Aging populations increase the number of individuals with cognitive impairment and dementia seeking driver's licenses.
  • Mild cognitive impairment and dementia pose risks for driving safety, yet licensing is not consistently regulated.
  • Cognitive evaluation for driving licenses in South America lacks standardized protocols.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify South American research on cognitive evaluation for driving in older adults and individuals with cognitive impairment.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature search was conducted across PubMed, LILACS, and SciELO, including Google Scholar.
  • Keywords included "vehicular driving," "cognitive impairment," "dementia," and "older adults" with a focus on South American publications.

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  • The search aimed to find studies evaluating cognitive function in relation to driving performance.

    • Main Results:

    • 14 relevant articles were identified from South America, including a clinical practice guideline and neuropsychological batteries from Argentina.
    • The Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) was frequently used but showed inconsistent results regarding its utility.
    • Several other tests, including the Boston Naming Test (BNT) and assessments of executive functions, were correlated with driving performance.

    Conclusions:

    • There is a scarcity of South American research on optimal cognitive assessments for driving.
    • Evaluating executive functions and utilizing the Boston Naming Test (BNT) are important for assessing driving capacity.
    • A multi-source approach to information gathering is crucial for comprehensive cognitive evaluation in this context.