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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
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Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Swati Rane Levendovszky1, Joshua C Russell2, Christine L Mac Donald2

  • 1University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

White matter hyperintensities (WMHs) show increased vascular and glial pathology, but not neuronal injury. This neuropathological study clarifies the substrates underlying WMHs, distinguishing them from normal-appearing white matter.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuropathology
  • Neuroimaging
  • Vascular Biology

Background:

  • White matter hyperintensities (WMHs) are MRI findings lacking clear pathological correlates.
  • WMHs can stem from diverse pathologies including neurodegeneration, vascular issues, and neuroinflammation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the underlying neuropathology of WMHs by comparing them to normal-appearing white matter (NAWM).
  • To identify specific pathological substrates contributing to WMHs.

Main Methods:

  • Analyzed 52 MRI-matched tissue blocks comparing WMH and NAWM regions.
  • Assessed small vessel pathology, axon loss, demyelination, neurofilament degradation, and gliosis using standardized staining and semi-automated quantification.
  • Conducted paired analyses to account for tissue location variability.

Main Results:

  • Perivascular space (PVS) size, collagenosis, and gliosis were significantly elevated in WMHs compared to NAWM.
  • Astrocytic injury showed significant differences only in paired analyses, suggesting localized pathology.
  • No significant differences were found in markers of myelination or neurofilament light chain between WMH and NAWM.

Conclusions:

  • Vascular and glial pathologies are predominant in WMHs.
  • Astrocytic changes may indicate localized pathology within WMHs.
  • The absence of significant neuronal pathology markers in WMHs warrants further investigation, possibly due to widespread aging-related white matter injury.