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Analysis of Chlorinated Microbially Derived Dissolved Organic Nitrogen: Linking Molecular Structure to Toxicological
Qian Hu1, Mengfei Bi1, He Guo2
1Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-Environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Control, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China.
Dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) sources like soluble microbial products (SMP) and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) form different nitrogenous disinfection byproducts (N-DBPs) during water chlorination, impacting water safety.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Chemistry
- Water Treatment Technologies
- Toxicology
Background:
- Dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) is a key precursor to nitrogenous disinfection byproducts (N-DBPs).
- Soluble microbial products (SMP) and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) are significant DON sources in aquatic environments.
- Understanding the influence of DON composition on N-DBP formation is crucial for water safety.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically explore the chlorination reaction network of SMP and EPS.
- To elucidate the structure and toxicological profiles of generated N-DBPs.
- To compare N-DBP formation pathways from different DON sources.
Main Methods:
- Chlorination of SMP and EPS.
- Molecular network analysis.
- Ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS).
Main Results:
- SMP, with higher aromaticity, preferentially formed aromatic chlorinated DBPs (Cl-DBPs) via electrophilic aromatic substitution.
- EPS, rich in labile proteins, promoted N-DBP generation through protein and lipid chlorination.
- Two main N-DBP classes identified: toxic heterocyclic aromatic amines and less toxic long-chain aliphatic amines.
Conclusions:
- Distinct DON sources (SMP vs. EPS) lead to differential N-DBP formation pathways.
- Aromatic Cl-DBPs from SMP and N-DBPs from EPS pose different toxicological risks.
- Multi-endpoint toxicity assessment is essential for evaluating water quality in DON-rich chlorinated water.
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