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Digital communication offers social support, but texting may be less effective. In-person, video, and voice calls provided better emotional support and satisfaction than text messages for young adults during stress.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Communication Studies
  • Human-Computer Interaction

Background:

  • Digital communication provides accessible social support during stressful times.
  • Limited experimental research exists comparing digital support methods.
  • Understanding the efficacy of various digital communication channels for social support is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally compare the effectiveness of different digital communication methods for delivering social support.
  • To assess perceived support, satisfaction, and affective outcomes across various communication modalities.
  • To identify specific limitations of text-based support compared to other digital and in-person interactions.

Main Methods:

  • A lab-based experiment involving 348 female young adults.
  • Participants completed a stressful task and received support via in-person, video call, voice call, or text message.
  • A no-support control group was included for comparison.

Main Results:

  • In-person, video, and voice communication yielded similar positive outcomes in perceived support, satisfaction, and affect.
  • Text message support was associated with significantly lower positive affect, reduced laughter, and smiling.
  • Texting was perceived as less empathetic and led to lower satisfaction compared to in-person support.

Conclusions:

  • While digital tools offer support access, text messaging may be less effective for emotional well-being compared to richer communication forms.
  • Findings highlight specific shortcomings of text-based support, particularly in empathy and satisfaction.
  • Further research is needed to optimize text-based communication for effective social support delivery in both research and clinical settings.