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Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies

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Published on: January 28, 2014

Biomarkers.

Yin Allison Liu¹

¹UC Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association

|December 26, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) of the retina did not correlate with cognitive function in non-human primates (NHPs). Further longitudinal studies are needed to explore the retina as a biomarker for cognitive decline in preclinical research.

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Ophthalmology
Primate Research

Background:

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) measures retinal layer thinning as a potential noninvasive biomarker for neurodegeneration, including Alzheimer's disease (AD).
Non-human primates (NHPs) are valuable preclinical models due to their physiological similarities to humans.
Previous research has not established a link between retinal layer thickness and cognitive decline in NHPs.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the relationship between retinal layer thickness and cognitive function in aging rhesus macaques.
To assess the utility of OCT as a noninvasive biomarker for cognitive changes in a preclinical NHP model.

Main Methods:

110 adult rhesus macaques underwent comprehensive biobehavioral assessments (visual acuity, decision-making, memory, problem-solving, social learning).
OCT scans were performed to measure retinal layer thicknesses in peripapillary and macular regions.
Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression analyzed the association between retinal layer thickness and cognitive scores.

Main Results:

Older monkeys showed improved decision-making but impaired problem-solving; other cognitive functions remained stable.
Retinal layer thickness measurements in NHPs were comparable to human data.
No significant age or behavior-related changes were observed in retinal layer thickness, with high reproducibility in OCT measurements.

Conclusions:

Rhesus macaques exhibit aging patterns and retinal characteristics similar to humans.
Retinal imaging via OCT demonstrated high reproducibility, despite challenges in behavioral assessments.
Longitudinal studies are recommended to validate the retina's potential as a noninvasive biomarker for cognitive function in preclinical NHP research.