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Related Concept Videos

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
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Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Meng Jiang1, Nelly Joseph-Mathurin1, Yong Wang2

  • 1Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Generalized diffusion basis spectrum imaging (g-DBSI) shows promise in detecting neuroinflammation and vasogenic edema associated with Amyloid-Related Imaging Abnormalities (ARIA-E) during monoclonal antibody therapy for AD. This advanced MRI technique may help monitor ARIA progression and understand underlying mechanisms.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Advanced MRI techniques
  • Neuroinflammation research

Background:

  • Amyloid-Related Imaging Abnormalities (ARIA), encompassing vasogenic edema (ARIA-E) and hemorrhagic lesions (ARIA-H), pose challenges in monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy for Alzheimer's Disease (AD).
  • The underlying mechanisms of ARIA, particularly neuroinflammation, are not well understood.
  • Advanced imaging is crucial for studying these processes, with generalized diffusion basis spectrum imaging (g-DBSI) showing potential to reveal microstructural changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate microstructural alterations linked to neuroinflammation and vasogenic edema during ARIA-E development and recovery using g-DBSI.
  • To assess the utility of g-DBSI in monitoring ARIA-E in patients undergoing mAb treatment.

Main Methods:

  • A pilot study involving three participants receiving Gantenerumab in the DIAN-TU-001 trial, with longitudinal g-DBSI scans.
  • ARIA assessment by a neuroradiology panel using FDA guidelines and structured reporting.
  • Quantification of g-DBSI-derived restricted ratio (RR) as an inflammation marker and hindered ratio (HR) as a vasogenic edema marker in ARIA-E regions.

Main Results:

  • Participant 1 showed elevated RR and HR one month before ARIA-E onset compared to follow-up.
  • Participant 2 exhibited elevated RR and HR during ARIA-E onset, with significant decreases at two-year follow-up.
  • Participant 3 demonstrated stable RR and HR between 1- and 2-year follow-ups post-ARIA-E resolution.

Conclusions:

  • Findings suggest a role for neuroinflammation in ARIA-E progression.
  • g-DBSI shows potential for detecting microstructural changes preceding ARIA-E onset.
  • g-DBSI may serve as a noninvasive tool for monitoring ARIA progression and understanding neuroinflammation and edema, warranting further research in larger cohorts.