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Clinical Manifestations.

Manuella Edler Zandoná Giordani1, Barbara Loeblein Uebel2, Victória Tizeli Souza3

  • 1Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Education and neuropsychiatric symptoms significantly impact cognitive performance in older adults with memory complaints. Cognitive reserve did not predict cognitive decline, but education was a key factor in maintaining cognitive function.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Cognitive reserve, the brain's ability to maintain function despite pathology, may influence cognitive decline risk.
  • Understanding cognitive reserve in older adults with memory complaints offers insights into cognitive trajectories and protective lifestyle factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of cognitive reserve in older adults experiencing subjective cognitive decline (SCD).
  • To explore the relationship between cognitive reserve, education, and neuropsychiatric symptoms in predicting cognitive performance.

Main Methods:

  • The BRASCODE study is a prospective cohort study of cognitively unimpaired individuals over 65 with memory complaints.
  • Data collected included sociodemographic information, cognitive assessments (MMSE, CDR), Cognitive Reserve Scale (CRS), and neuropsychiatric/behavioral/sleep inventories (MBI-c, GAI, GDS, PSQI).

Main Results:

  • In 100 participants (75% women, median age 71), 87% had SCD and 28% low cognitive reserve.
  • Low cognitive reserve was associated with older age, less education, being male, and lower cognitive scores (CDR, MMSE).
  • Education, not cognitive reserve, significantly predicted global cognition; neuropsychiatric symptoms (MBI-c) correlated with cognitive measures.

Conclusions:

  • Education and neuropsychiatric symptoms significantly impact cognitive performance in individuals with SCD.
  • Further research with follow-up data and Alzheimer's Disease biomarkers is needed to fully elucidate the role of cognitive reserve.