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Related Concept Videos

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
Troponins
Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...
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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers01:19

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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
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Cardiac myocytes produce these hormones in response to ventricular stretching...
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Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Jin Woo Chang1

  • 1Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Seoul, Korea, Republic of (South); Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, Republic of (South).

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Focused ultrasound (FUS) safely opened the blood-brain barrier (BBB) multiple times in Alzheimer's disease patients, reducing amyloid-beta plaques in most and improving neuropsychiatric symptoms. This study suggests FUS BBB opening is a promising standalone therapy.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neurosurgery
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Focused ultrasound (FUS) can open the blood-brain barrier (BBB) for Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients.
  • Optimal FUS treatment intervals and session numbers for clinical benefit are unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the safety and efficacy of repeated, interval-based FUS-mediated BBB opening in AD patients.
  • To assess changes in amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques and neuropsychiatric symptoms post-treatment.

Main Methods:

  • An open-label prospective study involving 6 AD patients.
  • Three FUS-mediated BBB opening sessions targeting bilateral frontal lobes at 2-month intervals.
  • Pre- and post-treatment 18F-florbetaben PET scans and neuropsychological/neuropsychiatric evaluations.

Main Results:

  • All 6 participants completed the study with no acute adverse events.
  • Mean BBB opening volume was 43.1 cm3, significantly larger than previous studies.
  • 67% of participants showed a decrease in Aβ plaques; 83% showed improved neuropsychiatric symptoms.

Conclusions:

  • Repeated, extensive bilateral frontal BBB opening via FUS is safe and effective in AD patients.
  • This is the first trial demonstrating neuropsychiatric symptom improvement solely through BBB opening.
  • FUS BBB opening shows potential as a standalone therapeutic strategy for AD.