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N-acetylcysteine (NAC) did not improve cognitive function in vascular mild cognitive impairment (vMCI) patients undergoing cardiac rehabilitation. The antioxidant supplement was safe but offered no additional benefits beyond exercise alone for executive function.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Gerontology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Oxidative stress is linked to vascular mild cognitive impairment (vMCI), affecting executive function and memory.
  • Aerobic exercise may improve cognition but can increase oxidative stress.
  • N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is investigated for its potential to replenish glutathione and mitigate exercise-induced oxidative stress.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy and safety of oral NAC in improving cognitive function in vMCI patients.
  • To determine if NAC provides additional cognitive benefits when combined with a cardiac rehabilitation program.

Main Methods:

  • A 24-week randomized clinical trial involving vMCI patients with significant cardiovascular disease.
  • Participants received either NAC (2400mg/day) or a placebo.
  • Cognitive function, particularly executive function, was assessed using a neuropsychological battery; data analyzed with mixed-effects models.

Main Results:

  • Executive function improved over time in all participants (p<0.001).
  • No significant cognitive differences were observed between the NAC and placebo groups (p=0.7).
  • NAC was well-tolerated, with similar adverse events between groups.

Conclusions:

  • NAC supplementation did not enhance cognitive benefits beyond cardiac rehabilitation for vMCI patients.
  • The study suggests NAC is safe but not superior to exercise alone for cognitive improvement in this population.