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Detecting Alzheimer's disease using digital virtual reality cognitive tests.

Lili Fang1, Xiang Fan2, Anqi Li1,3

  • 1Institute of Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China.

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|December 26, 2025
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Summary

Artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted virtual reality (VR) cognitive tests show strong correlations with Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers. This 5-minute digital tool offers a reliable method for early AD detection in community settings.

Keywords:
Alzheimer's diseasebiomarkerdiagnosisdigital cognitive test

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomarkers
  • Digital Health

Background:

  • Digital biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD) detection face challenges with accuracy and correlation to core AD pathology.
  • Existing methods for AD diagnosis can be invasive or costly.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the association between artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted virtual reality (VR) cognitive scores and established AD biomarkers.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of a novel AI-VR cognitive test for identifying cognitive impairment and AD pathology.

Main Methods:

  • Recruited 428 Chinese older adults for the study.
  • Utilized generalized linear models to analyze associations between AI-VR cognitive scores and plasma biomarkers (Aβ42/Aβ40, p-tau217, GFAP, NfL), Aβ PET, tau PET, and neuroimaging markers.
  • Controlled for covariates including age, sex, education, and apolipoprotein E ε4 status.

Main Results:

  • AI-VR cognitive scores significantly correlated with key AD biomarkers including plasma Aβ42/Aβ40, p-tau217, GFAP, NfL, and PET imaging results.
  • The AI-VR test demonstrated high accuracy in distinguishing cognitively impaired from unimpaired individuals (AUC: 0.908-0.969).
  • The test also effectively classified individuals positive for amyloid-beta positron emission tomography (AUC: 0.771-0.991).

Conclusions:

  • A 5-minute AI-VR cognitive test shows significant potential as a reliable digital marker for early AD detection.
  • This digital tool can identify abnormal cognition and correlate with core AD biomarkers in a community setting.
  • AI-VR cognitive testing offers a promising non-invasive approach for AD screening and diagnosis.