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Shape Matters: Lemurs Eat Much Bigger Rounded Than Cubic Foods.

Ashley R Deutsch1,2, Adam Hartstone-Rose2

  • 1Department of Anatomy, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, New York, USA.

American Journal of Biological Anthropology
|December 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Lemurs ingest larger food items with naturalistic shapes (tricylinders) than cubes, challenging previous assumptions about maximum ingested bite size (Vb). This suggests food shape significantly influences ingestion limits in lemurs.

Keywords:
bite sizefood shapefood sizeingestionstrepsirrhine

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Area of Science:

  • Zoology
  • Animal Behavior
  • Biomechanics

Background:

  • Maximum ingested bite size (Vb) research offers insights into animal dietary behaviors.
  • Previous studies assumed cube shapes represent ingestive maximums, but the role of food shape versus linear gape or oral volume remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare Vb for tricylinders (naturalistic shape) versus cubes (previous standard) in lemurs.
  • To test the effect of different linear dimension-to-volume ratios on ingestive bite size.

Main Methods:

  • Quantified Vb for 18 lemurs across nine taxa using three standard food types.
  • Compared Vb for cube and tricylinder food shapes.

Main Results:

  • Lemurs consumed significantly larger tricylinders than cubes in both linear dimensions and volume.
  • For the softest food, tricylinder Vb was 161% of cube Vb in volume and 139% in maximal linear dimensions.
  • Vb for both shapes showed a high correlation (r² = 0.90–0.96).

Conclusions:

  • Lemur Vb is significantly influenced by food shape, with naturalistic shapes allowing larger ingestive bites.
  • Cube Vb may not represent an ingestive maximum, suggesting tricylinders better approximate natural constraints.
  • Findings may indicate lemurs prioritize maximal linear dimensions over gape or oral volume for ingestion.