Adverse events and recent advances in CAR-T-cell therapy

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR-T) cell therapy has been widely used in haematological malignancies and has achieved remarkable results. However, two major toxicities of CAR-T-cell therapy, cytokine release syndrome and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome, have been reported in many studies and often require hospitalization. There is evidence that CAR-T-cell therapy is being increasingly used clinically, so it is important to pay attention to its serious adverse events that may be life-threatening. In this review, we provide a detailed discussion of the clinical manifestations, classification, risk factors, and management and treatment of serious adverse events to provide theoretical support for clinicians to manage such cases. Although the clinical application of CAR-T cells continues to expand, adverse events associated with CAR-T-cell therapy are inevitable. With the identification of risk factors and the application of various new therapeutic approaches, the incidence and severity of these adverse events can be effectively controlled.