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Clinical Manifestations.

Olufisayo Oluyinka Elugbadebo1,2, Gabriel O Ogunde3, Joshua O Akinyemi4

  • 1University College Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo, Nigeria.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) are linked to dementia severity and memory decline in African populations. Targeted BPSD management is crucial for improving patient care in low- and middle-income countries.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) are prevalent in dementia patients, impacting disease severity and caregiver well-being.
  • BPSD often prompt families in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) to seek medical help for dementia.
  • The relationship between BPSD, dementia severity, and cognitive domains is understudied in African populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prevalence of BPSD among indigenous Africans with dementia.
  • To examine the association between BPSD and dementia severity.
  • To explore the relationship between BPSD and specific cognitive domains in this population.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study involving 641 participants from nine African countries (READD-ADSP project).
  • Data collected using Uniform Data Set (UDS), Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire (NPI-Q) for BPSD, and Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) scale for dementia severity.
  • Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, Spearman's rank correlation, and hierarchical linear models.

Main Results:

  • Apathy, agitation/aggression, and depression were the most common BPSD.
  • A weak but significant positive association was found between NPI-Q severity scores and CDR scores (rho=0.264, p<0.001).
  • Behavioral symptoms were significantly associated with dementia severity and memory function (digit span backward).

Conclusions:

  • BPSD indicate and result from dementia severity, particularly affecting memory.
  • There is a need for targeted management of BPSD to enhance patient care in LMICs.
  • Further research is warranted to understand the nuances of BPSD in diverse African populations.