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Related Concept Videos

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
Troponins
Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...
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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers01:19

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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
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Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Daniela Andriuta1,2, Joel Ramirez3, Lauren Abby Woods4

  • 1Department of Neurology, Amiens University Medical Center, Amiens, France.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS) measures brain glymphatic function. Lower DTI-ALPS was linked to increased brain atrophy over one year in neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular disease patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Neurology
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Impaired glymphatic clearance is linked to dementia and neurodegenerative diseases.
  • Diffusion Tensor Image Analysis along the Perivascular Space (DTI-ALPS) offers a non-invasive method to assess glymphatic function.
  • This study investigates DTI-ALPS correlations with brain atrophy in the Ontario Neurodegenerative Disease Research Initiative (ONDRI) cohort.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the association between DTI-ALPS and brain atrophy.
  • To explore DTI-ALPS as a potential biomarker for glymphatic dysfunction in neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular diseases.
  • To analyze correlations with changes in brain parenchymal fraction (BPF) and white matter hyperintensities (WMH).

Main Methods:

  • 125 participants (Alzheimer's disease/mild cognitive impairment, cerebrovascular disease, frontotemporal dementia) underwent DTI MRI.
  • DTI-ALPS indices were calculated, with lower values indicating reduced glymphatic function.
  • Brain atrophy (BPF), perivascular space (PVS), and WMH volumes were assessed using MRI.

Main Results:

  • Mean DTI-ALPS varied across diagnoses, being highest in ADMCI and lowest in CVD.
  • Baseline DTI-ALPS correlated with baseline BPF and WMH, but not PVS.
  • Baseline right DTI-ALPS independently predicted one-year change in BPF, indicating accelerated brain atrophy.

Conclusions:

  • Baseline DTI-ALPS is associated with one-year brain atrophy changes in patients with neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular diseases.
  • DTI-ALPS shows potential as a biomarker for glymphatic function and its impact on brain atrophy.
  • Future research will explore DTI-ALPS links to cognitive decline and inflammation markers.