Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

681
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
681
Accuracy, limits, and approximation01:28

Accuracy, limits, and approximation

1.1K
Accuracy, limits, and approximations are common in many fields, especially in engineering calculations. These concepts are imperative for ensuring that a given value is as close as possible to its true value.
Accuracy is defined as the closeness of the measured value to the true or actual value. In engineering mechanics, repeated measurements are taken during theoretical or experimental analyses to ensure that the result is precise and accurate.
The accuracy of any solution is based on the...
1.1K
Components of Language01:24

Components of Language

715
Language, whether spoken, signed, or written, consists of specific components: lexicon and grammar. The lexicon is the vocabulary of a language, comprising its words. Grammar is the set of rules used to convey meaning through the lexicon. For example, English grammar adds “-ed” to most verbs to indicate past tense. Words are formed by combining phonemes, which are the basic sound units of a language. Different languages have different sets of phonemes (e.g., “ah” vs.
715
Language Development01:22

Language Development

801
Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
801
Assessment of Ventilation II: Respiratory Depth and Rhythm01:29

Assessment of Ventilation II: Respiratory Depth and Rhythm

2.4K
Respiratory Depth
Respiratory depth measures the volume of air inhaled or exhaled during a breath. It can vary from shallow to deep and typically remains consistent when a person is at rest or asleep. Occasionally, individuals will automatically inhale deeply, known as sighing, which inflates the lungs with more air than normal breathing.
To assess respiratory depth, observe the degree of chest excursion or movement:
2.4K
Improving Translational Accuracy02:07

Improving Translational Accuracy

14.0K
Base complementarity between the three base pairs of mRNA codon and the tRNA anticodon is not a failsafe mechanism. Inaccuracies can range from a single mismatch to no correct base pairing at all. The free energy difference between the correct and nearly correct base pairs can be as small as 3 kcal/ mol. With complementarity being the only proofreading step, the estimated error frequency would be one wrong amino acid in every 100 amino acids incorporated. However, error frequencies observed in...
14.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A Corpus-Based Exploration of the Discourse Marker <i>Well</i> in Spoken Interlanguage.

Language and speech·2018
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Lexical Decision Task for Studying Written Word Recognition in Adults with and without Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment
06:48

Lexical Decision Task for Studying Written Word Recognition in Adults with and without Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment

Published on: June 25, 2019

9.7K

A Multi-CEFR-Level Learner Corpus Study to Quantify Fluency and Accuracy in Speech.

Lan-Fen Huang1, Tomáš Gráf2

  • 1National Pingtung University, Taiwan.

Language and Speech
|December 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study validates learner speech assessment in the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR) by analyzing fluency and accuracy metrics. Speech rate is the most reliable indicator of proficiency across CEFR levels.

Keywords:
CEFRFluencyaccuracylearner corpus analysisspeech assessment

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Validation of SICOLE-R for Assessing Cognitive and Reading Skills in Spanish-Speaking Children and Its Role in Personalized Education
09:00

Author Spotlight: Validation of SICOLE-R for Assessing Cognitive and Reading Skills in Spanish-Speaking Children and Its Role in Personalized Education

Published on: August 16, 2024

1.2K
Comparing the Frequency Effect Between the Lexical Decision and Naming Tasks in Chinese
08:08

Comparing the Frequency Effect Between the Lexical Decision and Naming Tasks in Chinese

Published on: April 1, 2016

9.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Lexical Decision Task for Studying Written Word Recognition in Adults with and without Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment
06:48

Lexical Decision Task for Studying Written Word Recognition in Adults with and without Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment

Published on: June 25, 2019

9.7K
Author Spotlight: Validation of SICOLE-R for Assessing Cognitive and Reading Skills in Spanish-Speaking Children and Its Role in Personalized Education
09:00

Author Spotlight: Validation of SICOLE-R for Assessing Cognitive and Reading Skills in Spanish-Speaking Children and Its Role in Personalized Education

Published on: August 16, 2024

1.2K
Comparing the Frequency Effect Between the Lexical Decision and Naming Tasks in Chinese
08:08

Comparing the Frequency Effect Between the Lexical Decision and Naming Tasks in Chinese

Published on: April 1, 2016

9.7K

Area of Science:

  • Second Language Acquisition
  • Corpus Linguistics
  • Language Assessment

Background:

  • Validating language proficiency assessments is crucial for accurate learner evaluation.
  • The Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR) provides a standardized scale for language ability.
  • Quantitative analysis of spoken language offers objective measures of fluency and accuracy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To empirically validate CEFR levels by analyzing quantitative speech variables.
  • To identify reliable linguistic indicators of fluency and accuracy across CEFR levels (A2-C1).
  • To provide data-driven insights for improving language teaching, learning, and assessment.

Main Methods:

  • Corpus-based analysis of 500,000 spoken English tokens from the LINDSEI database.
  • Examination of speech rates, pause frequencies (filled and unfilled), and error rates.
  • Utilized three distinct speaking tasks: topic discussion, interaction, and picture description.

Main Results:

  • Strong correlations were found between fluency/accuracy metrics and CEFR levels.
  • Speech rate emerged as the most significant predictor of language proficiency.
  • Unfilled pauses decreased with proficiency, while error rates also declined.

Conclusions:

  • Quantitative speech analysis provides robust validation for CEFR levels.
  • Speech rate, pause frequency, and error rates serve as valuable metrics for assessing spoken language proficiency.
  • Findings support the refinement of CEFR descriptors and rater training for speaking assessments.