The Applications of Photogrammetry in Medical Education: A Review

Area of Science:

• Medical Education
• Anatomical Imaging
• Digital Health

Background:

• Photogrammetry offers precise, cost-effective 3D anatomical models.
• Enhances spatial learning and accessibility in medical training.
• Systematic review of 48 studies (2000-2025) on photogrammetry applications.

Purpose of the Study:

• Evaluate photogrammetry's applications in anatomy and surgical training.
• Assess technical workflows and educational outcomes.
• Synthesize evidence on photogrammetry's role in medical curricula.

Main Methods:

• Systematic literature review.
• Analysis of 48 peer-reviewed studies.
• Evaluation of photogrammetry's accuracy and educational impact.

Main Results:

• Effective across all training levels with high learner satisfaction (96.4% preference).
• Achieves sub-millimeter accuracy for complex structures (neuroanatomy, musculoskeletal).
• Addresses remote learning and resource limitations.

Conclusions:

• Photogrammetry is a transformative tool in medical education.
• Challenges include lack of tactile feedback and visualizing deep structures.
• Future integration with AI, VR/AR, and hybrid models is recommended.