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Clinical Manifestations.

Lara C Krisst1, Amir-Vala Tavakoli1, Daw-An Wu1

  • 1California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

High-risk Alzheimer's participants show altered neural responses during attentional tasks. These differences in brain activity may indicate early signs of cognitive decline, even before symptoms appear.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Alzheimer's Disease Research

Background:

  • Individuals at high risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD) exhibit attentional processing deficits.
  • Attentional mechanisms are hypothesized to influence implicit task performance, especially under high cognitive load.
  • Previous studies link pathological CSF amyloid/tau ratios to altered attention in high-risk individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if attentional mechanisms modulate implicit task performance in high-risk AD participants.
  • To examine neural responses during varying attentional loads in individuals at high risk for AD.
  • To determine if high attentional load exacerbates performance deficits in implicit tasks for high-risk individuals.

Main Methods:

  • Electroencephalography (EEG) data collected during a Simon task with varying attentional loads (high vs. low).
  • Participants responded to arrow stimuli, with primes (congruent/incongruent) presented beforehand.
  • Analysis focused on behavioral responses and event-related potentials (ERPs), specifically N200 and P300 components.

Main Results:

  • Both high and low-risk groups demonstrated the Simon effect behaviorally.
  • A significant difference in P300 amplitude was observed in the low-risk group under high load.
  • Prime congruence effects were significant in the low load condition for both groups, with N200 reflecting attentional processes.

Conclusions:

  • Differential neural responses in high-risk AD participants suggest potential early cognitive impairment.
  • Attentional load influences neural processing differently between high-risk and low-risk individuals.
  • ERP findings indicate distinct attentional processing mechanisms in preclinical AD stages.