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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 7, 2026

A Metadata Extraction Approach for Clinical Case Reports to Enable Advanced Understanding of Biomedical Concepts
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Clinical Manifestations.

Sara Fernández Guinea1, Palmira González-Erena2, Jennifer Burgos-Webster3

  • 1Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Immediate recall, not delayed, effectively predicts Alzheimer's progression in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). This finding suggests short-term memory deficits are early indicators of Alzheimer's Clinical Syndrome (ACS) development.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Early detection of neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's disease (AD) is critical for understanding pathological aging.
  • Cognitive processes such as information acquisition, consolidation, and retrieval are affected early in AD.
  • Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a transitional stage that may precede AD development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if immediate or delayed recall at baseline can differentiate stable MCI individuals from those converting to Alzheimer's Clinical Syndrome (ACS) within two years.
  • To identify early cognitive markers for predicting AD progression.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 140 MCI participants underwent baseline neuropsychological assessments, including verbal (CVLT-TAVEC) and visual (ROCF) memory tests.
  • Participants were followed for two years to identify those who converted to ACS (MCI-converters).
  • Binary logistic regression and ROC curve analyses were used to compare the predictive power of immediate versus delayed recall.

Main Results:

  • Immediate recall performance on both verbal (CVLT-TAVEC) and visual (ROCF) tests significantly predicted conversion to ACS (p < 0.001).
  • Individuals who converted to ACS showed significantly lower baseline immediate recall scores compared to stable MCI participants (p < 0.001).
  • Immediate recall on the CVLT-TAVEC (AUC = 0.815) was a stronger predictor of conversion than delayed recall (AUC = 0.804).

Conclusions:

  • Immediate consolidation deficits, reflected in short-term recall, are potential early markers of prodromal Alzheimer's disease.
  • Impairments in immediate recall may better capture the earliest cognitive dysfunctions associated with AD progression than delayed recall deficits.
  • Incorporating short-term recall measures into clinical assessments can enhance early identification of high-risk individuals for AD.