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Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Detection of Biomolecules Using EBL Fabricated Nanostructured Substrates

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Plasmonic Skin as a Wearable SERS Substrate for Direct Chemical Identification.

Xiaorui Cao^1,2, Yan Lu^1,2, Qianqian Shi³

¹Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.

Analytical Chemistry

|December 26, 2025

Summary

Researchers developed a flexible, skin-like Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) platform called plasmonic skin (P-skin). This wearable SERS device enables sensitive detection of chemicals on complex surfaces, including pesticides on food items.

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Analytical Chemistry
Spectroscopy

Background:

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) relies on specialized substrates for signal amplification.
Conventional rigid SERS substrates struggle with detecting analytes on rough, complex real-world surfaces due to poor contact.
There is a need for adaptable SERS platforms that can conform to diverse sample topographies.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a flexible, wearable SERS platform for improved chemical detection on complex surfaces.
To demonstrate the capability of the new platform for on-site analysis of real-world samples.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of a 'plasmonic skin' (P-skin) using a Janus gold nanoparticle (AuNP) array on elastic polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS).
Utilizing the flexible P-skin for intimate contact with various surfaces.
Employing a hand-held Raman spectrometer and confocal Raman microscopy for analyte detection.

Main Results:

The P-skin achieved low detection limits for methylene blue, down to 5 × 10^-8 M with a hand-held spectrometer and 1 × 10^-13 M with confocal microscopy.
Successfully demonstrated on-site detection of the pesticide thiram on diverse surfaces like paper, apples, avocados, and carrots.
Detected thiram concentrations below U.S. EPA limits in a practical touch-and-detection scenario.

Conclusions:

The developed P-skin offers a novel, flexible, and wearable SERS solution overcoming limitations of traditional rigid substrates.
The P-skin platform enables sensitive and on-site chemical detection on complex and varied real-world surfaces.
This technology holds promise for practical applications in environmental monitoring and food safety.