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Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Daniel C Bowie1,2, Yara Yakoub2,3,4, Valentin Ourry2,4

  • 1McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology, indicated by amyloid and tau (A/T) markers, is linked to declining odor identification abilities. This study confirms that A/T positivity predicts worsening olfactory function over time.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neurology
  • Biomarkers

Background:

  • Prior studies link cerebrospinal fluid p-tau181 to olfactory and auditory impairments.
  • The predictive value of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology for neurosensory decline is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the cross-sectional and longitudinal relationship between amyloid and tau (A/T) status and neurosensory functions (odor identification and central auditory processing).
  • To validate findings using both PET imaging and plasma-based A/T biomarkers.

Main Methods:

  • 233 participants from the PREVENT-AD cohort underwent amyloid and tau PET scans, odor identification (UPSIT), and central auditory processing (DSI) tests.
  • Plasma biomarkers (Aβ42, Aβ40, p-tau217) were analyzed in a subset (n=208).
  • Statistical analyses included Kruskal-Wallis, Dunn's tests, and linear mixed effects models to assess group differences and longitudinal changes.

Main Results:

  • PET-based analysis showed lower odor identification (OI) scores in amyloid-positive/tau-negative (A+T-) individuals compared to amyloid-negative/tau-negative (A-T-).
  • Plasma-based classification revealed lower OI scores in amyloid-positive/tau-positive (A+T+) individuals compared to A+T- and A-T-.
  • Longitudinally, the most significant decline in OI was observed in the A+T+ group, particularly when using plasma biomarkers.

Conclusions:

  • Alzheimer's disease pathology, specifically the presence of both amyloid and tau (A+T+), is associated with declining odor identification.
  • Further research should explore these associations in other neurosensory domains like vision and gustation.