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Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies

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Biomarkers.

Barbara Mroczko¹, Agnieszka Kulczynska-Przybik¹, Daria Krawczuk¹

¹Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association

|December 26, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Kallikrein 5 (KLK5) levels are elevated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients' cerebrospinal fluid and correlate with amyloid pathology. KLK5 may serve as an additional biomarker for AD diagnosis alongside Aβ and tau proteins.

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Biochemistry
Molecular Biology

Background:

Alzheimer's disease (AD) presents a significant global health challenge, necessitating a deeper understanding of its molecular pathogenesis.
Kallikrein-related peptidases (KLKs), a family of serine proteases, are emerging as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for AD.
While KLK6 and KLK8 have been studied, information regarding KLK5's role in AD pathogenesis remains limited.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the levels of KLK5 in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of AD patients.
To explore the association between KLK5 concentrations and established AD biomarkers.

Main Methods:

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were collected from AD patients and cognitively normal individuals.
Concentrations of KLK5, amyloid beta 1-42 (Aß-42), amyloid beta 1-40, Tau, and pTau181 were measured using multiplexing and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.

Main Results:

CSF KLK5 concentrations were significantly higher in AD patients compared to controls.
In AD patients, KLK5 levels showed a significant correlation with the CSF amyloid beta ratio.

Conclusions:

Kallikrein 5 (KLK5) may play a role in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis, particularly in relation to amyloid pathology.
KLKs, including KLK5, could potentially serve as supplementary biomarkers for AD when used in conjunction with established markers like amyloid beta and tau proteins.