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Bridging the Gap: Improving Well-Child Care Engagement Post-discharge in Infants With Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal

Polina Frolova Gregory1,2, Anika Larson2, Sandra P Spencer3

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.

Clinical Pediatrics
|December 26, 2025
PubMed

Insights

This quality improvement study enhanced well-child visit attendance for infants with neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome. Targeted interventions significantly improved 1- and 6-month follow-up visit rates.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Public Health
  • Quality Improvement Science

Background:

  • Infants with neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS) face challenges in attending crucial well-child visits.
  • Post-hospitalization follow-up is vital for monitoring infant health and development after NOWS diagnosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To implement and evaluate targeted interventions aimed at increasing well-child visit attendance for infants diagnosed with NOWS.
  • To assess the impact of these interventions on postnatal, 1-month, and 6-month visit attendance.

Main Methods:

  • A quality improvement study design comparing baseline and intervention periods using health records data.
  • Interventions focused on community partnerships, scheduling support, and enhanced discharge education.
  • Bayesian logistic mixed-effects models were used to analyze follow-up attendance probabilities.

Main Results:

  • Baseline attendance rates were 90% (postnatal), 63% (1-month), and 73% (6-month).
  • Following interventions, attendance improved to 91% (postnatal), 82% (1-month), and 80% (6-month).
  • Significant improvements in follow-up probability were observed at 1 month (18%) and 6 months (8%).

Conclusions:

  • A multi-faceted, interdisciplinary approach effectively enhances post-hospitalization follow-up care for infants with NOWS.
  • Targeted interventions can overcome barriers to consistent healthcare access for vulnerable infants.
  • Improving attendance at crucial follow-up visits is essential for optimizing long-term health outcomes in infants with NOWS.

Keywords:
health care engagementhealth disparitiesneonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS)newborn follow-upwell-child visit attendance

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