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Related Concept Videos

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
Troponins
Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...
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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers01:19

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers

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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
These markers indicate stress or strain on the heart muscle:
Natriuretic Peptides (BNP)
Cardiac myocytes produce these hormones in response to ventricular stretching...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
07:20

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Biomarkers.

Jessica Diniz Pereira1,2, Lívia Cristina Ribeiro Teixeira1, Izabela Mamede Costa Andrade da Conceição3

  • 1Faculty of Pharmacy - Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Four microRNAs (miRNAs) show reduced expression in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, potentially serving as novel biomarkers. These miRNAs regulate key pathways, including the newly identified AP-1 pathway, crucial for neuronal apoptosis.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia, affecting millions globally.
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are critical gene regulators found in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), showing promise as AD biomarkers.
  • Identifying specific miRNAs and their regulated pathways is vital for understanding AD pathophysiology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify differentially expressed miRNAs in the CSF of AD patients compared to controls using in silico analysis.
  • To validate these miRNA findings through a systematic literature review.
  • To analyze the biological pathways regulated by the identified miRNAs in AD.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized machine learning (LightGBM) on Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets to find predictive miRNAs.
  • Conducted a systematic literature review of 24 studies to identify relevant miRNAs.
  • Performed pathway enrichment analysis to determine significant biological pathways.

Main Results:

  • Identified four common miRNAs (30a-3p, 193a-5p, 143-3p, 145-5p) with decreased expression in AD patients.
  • These miRNAs regulate established AD-related pathways (TGF-beta, ERBB, MAPK) and the novel AP-1 pathway.
  • The AP-1 pathway's role in neuronal cell death and apoptosis was highlighted.

Conclusions:

  • miRNAs 30a-3p, 193a-5p, 143-3p, and 145-5p are potential biomarkers for AD.
  • The AP-1 pathway, involved in neuronal apoptosis, is a significant novel finding in AD pathophysiology.
  • These miRNAs and pathways offer new avenues for understanding and potentially treating AD.