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Properties of Enantiomers and Optical Activity02:24

Properties of Enantiomers and Optical Activity

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It is essential to understand the difference between chiral and achiral interactions and the implications thereof in optical activity and their applications. Just as our feet, which are chiral, interact uniquely with chiral objects, such as a pair of shoes, but identically with achiral socks, enantiomers of a molecule exhibit different properties only when they interact with other chiral media. An example of a significant implication from this facet is the phenomenon known as optical activity,...
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Chirality is a term that describes the lack of mirror symmetry in an object. In other words, chiral objects cannot be superposed on their mirror images. For example, our feet are chiral, as the mirror image of the left foot, the right foot, cannot be superposed on the left foot.
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Infrared spectroscopy, also known as vibrational spectroscopy, is mainly used to determine the types of bonds and functional groups in molecules. In aldehydes and ketones, the carbonyl (C=O) bond shows an absorption around 1710 cm-1. The C=O bond vibration of an aldehyde occurs at lower frequencies than that of a ketone. In addition to the C=O absorption in an aldehyde, the aldehydic C–H bond also gives two peaks in the 2700–2800 cm-1 range. This absorption, coupled with the...
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UV–Visible absorption spectra of conjugated dienes arise from the lowest energy π → π* transitions. The light-absorbing part of the molecule is called the chromophore, and the substituents directly attached to the chromophore are called auxochromes. A strong correlation exists between the absorption maxima, λmax, and the structure of a conjugated π system. The Woodward–Fieser rules predict the value of λmax for a given structure by adding the...
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Molecules that possess multiple chiral centers can afford a large number of stereoisomers. For instance, while some molecules like 2-butanol have one chiral center, defined as a tetrahedral carbon atom with four different substituents attached, several molecules like butane-2,3-diol have multiple chiral centers. A simple formula to predict the number of stereoisomers possible for a molecule with n chiral centers is 2n. However, there can be a lower number where some of the stereoisomers are...
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Preparation of Liquid Crystal Networks for Macroscopic Oscillatory Motion Induced by Light
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Chiral-Unit-Driven Short-Wave Ultraviolet Nonlinear Optical Acetates with Balanced Overall Optical Properties.

Zi-Xuan Zhao1, Wei Chen1, Hui-Yan Zhao2

  • 1College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P. R. China.

The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters
|December 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed new chiral acetates for short-wave ultraviolet nonlinear optical (NLO) applications. These materials offer a balance of large second-harmonic generation (SHG) and moderate birefringence, crucial for advanced optical devices.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Crystallography
  • Optics

Background:

  • Developing short-wave ultraviolet (UV) nonlinear optical (NLO) crystals requires balancing large second-harmonic generation (SHG) coefficients, moderate birefringence, and wide band gaps.
  • Existing NLO materials often struggle to achieve this optimal combination of properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize novel polar acetates with potential as short-wave UV NLO crystals.
  • To investigate the structure-property relationships governing their NLO performance.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of chiral acetates R-/S-(C5H14N2)(CH3COO)2.
  • Measurement of second-harmonic generation (SHG) coefficients and birefringence.
  • UV cutoff edge determination.
  • Hirshfeld surface analysis.
  • Theoretical calculations.

Main Results:

  • The synthesized acetates exhibit balanced NLO properties: SHG responses of 1.5/1.4 × KH2PO4 (KDP), moderate birefringence (0.0871/0.0838@546 nm), and UV cutoff below 200 nm.
  • These acetates show significantly enhanced SHG (3.0/2.3 times) and birefringence (7.9/7.0 times) compared to related phosphates.
  • Hirshfeld analysis highlighted the role of hydrogen bonding in directing homochiral structures.

Conclusions:

  • The novel chiral acetates are promising candidates for short-wave UV NLO applications.
  • Combining chiral groups with NLO-active oxyanions is an effective strategy for designing new UV NLO crystals.
  • Understanding hydrogen bonding interactions is key to controlling crystal structure and NLO properties.