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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
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Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Hye Won Chai1, Abigail Stephan1, Christy Phillips1

  • 1Clemson University, Institute for Engaged Aging, Seneca, SC, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Objective sleep measures align with subjective reports in rural older adults. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) can serve as a cost-effective tool for assessing sleep quality and aiding Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias (AD/ADRD) prevention.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Sleep Science
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Sleep disturbances are linked to cognitive decline and Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias (AD/ADRD) risk in older adults.
  • Diverse sleep metrics yield inconsistent findings, necessitating examination of associations between different measures.
  • Rural older adults, a high-risk group, are underrepresented in sleep and AD/ADRD research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the concordance between objective sleep measures (Sleep Profiler) and self-reported daily sleep in rural older adults.
  • To explore the relationship between subjective, survey-based Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scores and objective sleep parameters.
  • To understand the role of sleep in AD/ADRD risk and prevention within a rural elderly population.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized baseline data from the Everyday Function Intervention Trial (NCT04651582) with 28 participants.
  • Collected 14 days of smartphone-based self-reported sleep data, including quality, sleep onset/maintenance, and feeling refreshed.
  • Employed a wireless electroencephalography (EEG) monitor (Sleep Profiler™) for objective sleep metrics like REM and NREM percentages and latencies.
  • Administered the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) to assess various sleep quality dimensions.

Main Results:

  • Higher percentage of NREM Stage 3 (deep sleep) correlated with better daily sleep quality and feeling more refreshed.
  • Increased PSQI total scores (indicating poorer sleep) were associated with longer NREM Stage 3 latency (time to reach deep sleep).
  • Objective NREM sleep measures showed general agreement with subjective daily sleep reports and PSQI scores.

Conclusions:

  • Objective NREM sleep measures largely align with subjective sleep assessments (daily reports and PSQI) in rural older adults.
  • The PSQI demonstrates potential as a time- and cost-effective tool for sleep quality assessment, comparable to objective measures.
  • Findings support early sleep interventions for AD/ADRD prevention, particularly for rural populations with limited access to sleep diagnostics.