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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
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Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Nishita Paruchuri1, John R Jacoby2, David H Salat3,4,5,6

  • 1Massachusetts General Hospital Dept. Radiology, Boston, MA, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

White matter hyperintensities (WMH) impact cognitive status and Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression differently in men and women. Lower WMH is linked to greater cognitive resilience, especially in men, highlighting vascular health's role.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neuroimaging
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Alzheimer's disease (AD) exhibits variable symptom severity despite similar neuropathology.
  • Cognitive resilience, or maintaining function with AD pathology, requires mechanism elucidation.
  • Microvascular pathology, measured as white matter hyperintensities (WMH), influences AD progression but its role accounting for neurodegeneration is unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of WMH in cognitive status and resilience in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).
  • To examine WMH impact on the progression from MCI to AD, considering sex differences.
  • To assess WMH influence beyond regional neurodegeneration in AD.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) with MCI participants.
  • Stratified participants by sex and cognitive performance (high/low) based on ADNI composite scores.
  • Analyzed WMH volumes in relation to temporal (memory) and frontal (executive function) regions, adjusting for age.

Main Results:

  • WMH volume differed significantly between high and low cognitive groups in men, but not women.
  • These WMH effects persisted after accounting for age and regional brain volumes.
  • Individuals in low performance groups showed a higher probability of AD conversion.

Conclusions:

  • WMH burden predicts baseline cognitive status and AD conversion more strongly in men than women.
  • Microvascular disease (WMH) contributes to cognitive variation, with lower WMH associated with greater resilience.
  • Vascular health is crucial for maintaining functional independence in individuals with AD pathology.