Enhancing working memory after traumatic brain injury using tDCS and computer-assisted cognitive rehabilitation

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Rehabilitation Medicine
• Cognitive Psychology

Background:

• Memory impairments are a common and debilitating consequence of traumatic brain injury (TBI).
• Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and computer-assisted cognitive rehabilitation (RehaCom) are potential interventions, but their combined efficacy post-TBI is understudied.
• Effective strategies are needed to improve daily functioning and cognitive recovery in TBI survivors.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the efficacy of concurrent transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and RehaCom training on working memory and cortical activity in adults following TBI.
• To evaluate the combined effects of tDCS and RehaCom as a novel intervention for TBI-related memory deficits.

Main Methods:

• A randomized controlled trial involving 30 adults with TBI and memory impairments.
• Participants received ten 30-minute sessions of either combined anodal tDCS (prefrontal cortex) and RehaCom working memory training, or no intervention (control group).
• Working memory and quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG) were assessed before and after the intervention period.

Main Results:

• The intervention group demonstrated significant improvements in working memory span and reduced position errors compared to the control group.
• Quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG) indicated increased theta and alpha power in specific prefrontal areas post-intervention.
• Reliable Change Index analysis revealed clinically meaningful working memory gains in 33-53% of participants receiving the combined treatment.

Conclusions:

• Concurrent application of tDCS and RehaCom training is effective in enhancing working memory capacity after TBI.
• The combined intervention positively modulates cortical activity, suggesting neurophysiological changes underlying cognitive improvements.
• This approach represents a promising therapeutic strategy for improving cognitive function and recovery in individuals with TBI.