Enhancing working memory after traumatic brain injury using tDCS and computer-assisted cognitive rehabilitation

Memory impairments after traumatic brain injury (TBI) can disrupt daily functioning, highlighting the need for effective interventions. Although transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and computer-assisted cognitive rehabilitation (RehaCom) each show promise, evidence on their combined effects is limited. This randomized controlled trial investigated the efficacy of concurrent tDCS and RehaCom training on working memory and cortical activity post-TBI.

Thirty adults with memory impairments 2-12 weeks after TBI were recruited from a trauma hospital in Shiraz, Iran. Participants were randomly assigned to an intervention group (n = 15) receiving ten 30-minute sessions of combined anodal tDCS (1-2 mA to bilateral prefrontal cortex) and RehaCom working memory training, or a control group (n = 15) receiving no intervention. Working memory (RehaCom module) and cortical activity (quantitative electroencephalography; QEEG) were assessed pre- and post-intervention.

The intervention group showed significant improvements in working memory span (F = 5.52, p=.022, η2p=.17) and reduced position errors (F = 10.37, p=.003, η2p=.27). QEEG revealed increased theta power at Fp2 and F7, and alpha power at F7 and F3 (F = 4.59-5.97, p<.05). Reliable Change Index analysis indicated clinically meaningful gains in 33-53% of participants.

Combined tDCS and RehaCom training enhanced working memory and cortical activity following TBI.