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Related Concept Videos

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Sheelakumari Raghavan1, Jonathan Graff-Radford2, Jeffrey L Gunter3

  • 1Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Posterior confluent and subcortical multispot white matter hyperintensity (WMH-MS) patterns on MRI predict future cerebral microbleeds (CMBs). This finding is significant for assessing risks associated with anti-amyloid therapies in cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA).

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Radiology
  • Biomarker Discovery

Background:

  • Posterior confluent and subcortical multispot white matter hyperintensity (WMH-MS) patterns are implicated as imaging biomarkers for cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA).
  • Predicting future cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) using WMH-MS has clinical implications for anti-amyloid therapy risk assessment.
  • This study aimed to determine the prevalence of WMH-MS and its utility in predicting incident CMBs in a population-based sample, considering amyloid and WMH burden.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify the prevalence of positive WMH-MS status in a population-based sample.
  • To evaluate the utility of WMH-MS in predicting incident CMBs.
  • To assess the predictive value of WMH-MS after accounting for amyloid and WMH burden.

Main Methods:

  • 651 participants from the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging underwent 3T FLAIR MRI and T2*-weighted GRE sequences.
  • Visual reads assessed WMH using Fazekas scale and WMH-MS severity.
  • Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyzed the association between WMH-MS and incident CMBs, adjusting for covariates.

Main Results:

  • The WMH-MS pattern was significantly more frequent in participants who developed incident CMBs (20.8%) compared to those who did not (2.8%).
  • WMH-MS, but not Fazekas score, was independently associated with incident CMBs after adjusting for age, sex, APOE4, hypertension, prior CMBs, and amyloid status.
  • Older age and male sex were also predictive of incident CMBs.

Conclusions:

  • Visually identified WMH-MS patterns on FLAIR-MRI are predictive of incident CMBs in the general population.
  • WMH-MS patterns may serve as useful imaging biomarkers for CAA.
  • Further research is needed to evaluate WMH-MS as a biomarker in clinical trials for amyloid-related imaging abnormalities.