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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
Troponins
Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...
749
Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers01:19

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers

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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
These markers indicate stress or strain on the heart muscle:
Natriuretic Peptides (BNP)
Cardiac myocytes produce these hormones in response to ventricular stretching...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
07:20

Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies

Published on: January 28, 2014

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Biomarkers.

Chad Pollard1

  • 1Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA; Resonant, Heber City, UT, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new nanopore sequencing method accurately detects neuron-derived cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in blood, showing elevated levels in Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). This offers a promising, minimally invasive tool for diagnosing neurodegenerative diseases.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genomics
  • Biomarker Discovery

Background:

  • Current Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers are limited for early screening and broad neurodegenerative applicability.
  • Preliminary findings indicated cortical neuron-derived cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in blood correlates with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD.
  • Previous cfDNA detection methods were constrained by DNA damage and limited scope.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a nanopore sequencing approach for sensitive, accurate neuron-specific cfDNA analysis.
  • To assess the potential of cfDNA as a biomarker for neurodegenerative diseases, including AD, Parkinson's disease (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).

Main Methods:

  • Extracted DNA from blood plasma and various neuron types (cortical, spinal motor, dopaminergic).
  • Performed whole-genome sequencing using nanopore technology for native DNA methylation analysis.
  • Identified neuron-specific methylation signatures and analyzed cfDNA in patient cohorts (MCI/AD, PD, ALS) and controls.

Main Results:

  • Nanopore sequencing achieved >96% accuracy in assigning neuron types.
  • Significantly elevated cfDNA levels were observed in patients with MCI/AD, PD, and ALS compared to controls.
  • Thousands of cell type-specific loci were analyzed, demonstrating superior sensitivity and accuracy.

Conclusions:

  • Nanopore sequencing enables accurate neuron-specific cfDNA methylation analysis.
  • This approach shows potential as a minimally invasive biomarker for early detection, staging, and monitoring of neurodegenerative diseases.
  • A large-scale longitudinal AD validation study is currently underway.