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Related Concept Videos

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
Troponins
Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...
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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers01:19

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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
These markers indicate stress or strain on the heart muscle:
Natriuretic Peptides (BNP)
Cardiac myocytes produce these hormones in response to ventricular stretching...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Georgia Giannakopoulou1, Hannah Brown1, Fleur Caponong2

  • 1Ipsos, London, London, United Kingdom.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Biomarker testing and amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIA) risk assessment are underused in Alzheimer

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Geriatrics
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Biomarker testing and amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIA) risk assessment are vital for selecting and monitoring Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients for disease-modifying therapies (DMTs).
  • This study investigates the current adoption of these crucial practices in AD patient management within Australia and Hong Kong (HK).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the extent of biomarker testing (imaging and CSF) in Australian and Hong Kong AD patient cohorts.
  • To assess the frequency of APOE4 status determination and ARIA risk assessment among these patients.
  • To identify potential barriers or gaps in the implementation of these diagnostic and risk assessment tools.

Main Methods:

  • A multi-center online survey was conducted among neurologists and geriatricians in Australia and HK.
  • Healthcare professionals recorded biomarker use, APOE4 status, and perceived ARIA risk for patients with mild cognitive impairment or mild to moderate AD.
  • Data were collected from 64 patients in Australia and 45 patients in HK.

Main Results:

  • Biomarker testing (amyloid-PET, CSF, tau-PET, tau-CSF) and Aβ42/40 ratio, p-tau biomarker utilization were limited in both regions.
  • APOE4 status was largely unknown or untested in Australia and significantly under-tested in HK.
  • ARIA risk assessment was frequently unknown or categorized as 'no risk' without clear justification, coupled with limited understanding of ARIA among HK healthcare professionals.

Conclusions:

  • Biomarker testing, APOE genotyping, and ARIA risk assessment are underutilized in the studied Australian and HK Alzheimer's disease patient cohorts.
  • This limited adoption may impede the effective identification and selection of suitable candidates for disease-modifying therapies (DMTs).
  • Further research with larger sample sizes is recommended to investigate implementation strategies and identify areas requiring enhanced education for healthcare professionals.