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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
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Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Maansi Barnwal1, Sheriza Baksh2, David Shade1

  • 1Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Escitalopram did not improve agitation in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) patients. Higher baseline pTau217 blood biomarker levels predicted worse agitation and lower cognitive scores, regardless of treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomarkers
  • Clinical Trials

Background:

  • Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and agitation are significant challenges in patient care.
  • The S-CitAD trial investigated escitalopram for agitation in AD, but showed no significant benefit.
  • Variability in AD pathology stages may explain the lack of treatment efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between baseline blood biomarkers and agitation severity, cognitive status, and treatment response in AD patients.
  • To explore the role of biomarkers like pTau217, GFAP, NfL, Abeta40, and Abeta42 in predicting agitation and cognitive decline.

Main Methods:

  • Examined associations between baseline blood biomarkers (pTau217, GFAP, NfL, Abeta40, Abeta42) and clinical measures (agitation, MMSE).
  • Utilized SIMOA N4PE assays and Alzpath-pTau217 SIMOA on Quanterix HD-X for biomarker quantification.
  • Analyzed data from 173 participants in the S-CitAD randomized controlled trial.

Main Results:

  • Baseline pTau217 levels confirmed significant amyloid pathology in 94% of participants.
  • Higher baseline pTau217 predicted increased agitation severity at weeks 6 and 12.
  • Higher baseline GFAP and pTau217 levels were associated with lower baseline MMSE scores.

Conclusions:

  • Baseline pTau217 is a reliable indicator of AD amyloid pathology.
  • Elevated pTau217 predicts poorer cognitive function and increased agitation in AD patients.
  • Biomarker levels, particularly pTau217, are crucial for understanding treatment response and disease progression in AD.