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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
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Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Maryam Ghahremani1, Zahinoor Ismail1,2

  • 1Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Persistent functional impairment (FI) in older adults is linked to higher Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarker levels. This finding may improve early detection of AD pathology before dementia onset.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomarkers
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Early identification of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology is crucial.
  • Subtle functional impairments (FI) may precede dementia but are poorly characterized.
  • Limited research exists on the link between subtle FI and AD biomarkers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine associations between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) AD biomarkers and persistent versus transient FI in dementia-free older adults.
  • To investigate if persistent FI is a marker for underlying AD pathology.

Main Methods:

  • Analyzed data from 1001 individuals from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative.
  • Measured CSF biomarkers: p-tau181, amyloid-beta42 (Aβ42), and the ptau-181/Aβ42 ratio.
  • Defined Persistent FI as present at >two-thirds of visits; compared with Transient FI and No FI.

Main Results:

  • Persistent FI was significantly associated with higher p-tau181 and lower Aβ42 levels.
  • The ptau-181/Aβ42 ratio was significantly higher in Persistent FI.
  • Transient FI showed no significant association with these biomarkers.

Conclusions:

  • Persistent FI is associated with a greater burden of underlying AD pathology in dementia-free adults.
  • Operationalizing FI persistence enhances prognostication and risk stratification.
  • This approach may improve early AD detection and guide interventions.