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Related Concept Videos

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
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Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Amir H Meghdadi1, Caroline Ma1, Ella J Thunen1

  • 1Advanced Brain Monitoring Inc., Carlsbad, CA, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Theta rhythm duration, not just power, may indicate cognitive decline in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). This EEG analysis offers a potential biomarker for disease progression, distinguishing it from healthy aging patterns.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomarkers
  • Cognitive Aging

Background:

  • Resting-state EEG power spectral density (PSD) changes are associated with healthy aging and cognitive decline in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI).
  • Theta band power (3-7 Hz) increases with cognitive decline but decreases with normal aging, though power alone may not fully capture oscillatory activity.
  • Rhythmicity analysis quantifies oscillation persistence, offering insights beyond simple power measurements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate differences in Theta power and Theta rhythm duration between healthy controls (HC) and individuals with MCI/AD.
  • To examine longitudinal changes in Theta power and rhythm duration in HC versus MCI/AD groups.
  • To determine the potential of Theta rhythm duration as a specific biomarker for cognitive decline.

Main Methods:

  • Resting-state, eyes-closed EEG data were collected from 32 AD, 88 MCI, and 115 HC participants.
  • Relative Theta power and Theta rhythm duration were calculated from 5-minute EEG recordings.
  • Baseline and longitudinal changes were analyzed using statistical methods.

Main Results:

  • MCI/AD groups showed significantly higher relative Theta power and greater Theta rhythm duration at baseline compared to HC.
  • Healthy controls (HC) exhibited a significant reduction in Theta power over time, with no change in rhythm duration.
  • MCI/AD groups showed a significant increase in Theta rhythm duration, but not power, during follow-up visits.

Conclusions:

  • Both Theta power and rhythm duration are associated with cognitive decline in MCI and AD, but exhibit distinct patterns compared to healthy aging.
  • Theta rhythm duration may serve as a more specific biomarker for disease progression in MCI and AD.
  • Rhythmicity analysis of EEG data holds promise for developing novel biomarkers for cognitive decline.