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Related Concept Videos

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
Troponins
Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...
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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers01:19

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers

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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
These markers indicate stress or strain on the heart muscle:
Natriuretic Peptides (BNP)
Cardiac myocytes produce these hormones in response to ventricular stretching...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Yingren Mai1, Zhiyu Cao1, Qun Yu2

  • 1The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study reveals significant metabolic changes in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Specific lipid and amino acid alterations in serum are linked to cognitive decline, offering potential biomarkers for early AD and MCI diagnosis.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Metabolomics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are major causes of dementia, presenting diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.
  • Metabolites are crucial in AD and MCI pathogenesis, yet lipid metabolism alterations remain poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize metabolic alterations in the serum of AD and MCI patients compared to cognitively normal individuals.
  • To investigate the association of these metabolic changes with cognitive function and to develop diagnostic biomarkers.

Main Methods:

  • Quantitative, targeted metabolomics using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry.
  • Analysis of serum samples from AD (n=22), MCI (n=19), and cognitively normal (CN) (n=19) individuals.
  • Utilized machine learning algorithms (RF, SVM, GB, LR) for biomarker panel identification.

Main Results:

  • Identified 32 differential metabolites in AD serum and 49 in MCI serum compared to CN.
  • Metabolites involved in fatty acid, amino acid, and phospholipid metabolism were significantly associated with cognitive scores (MMSE, ADAS, MoCA, CDR, AVLT, TMT).
  • Developed panels of 10 metabolites for AD and 13 for MCI that accurately discriminate between patient groups and CN individuals.

Conclusions:

  • Serum metabolic perturbations, including sphingolipids, glycerophospholipids, free fatty acids, and acylcarnitines, are consistently linked to AD and MCI pathology and progression.
  • These identified metabolic biomarkers show promise for the early diagnosis and potential treatment strategies for AD and MCI.