Direct analysis in real time coupled to QTOF-MS for the rapid authentication and fraud detection of extra virgin...

Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) is highly ranked in the global market, recognized for its several health benefits. However, due to its high commercial value it is often adulterated with cheaper oils. This study presents a novel, chromatography-free method for EVOO authentication using Direct Analysis in Real Time coupled to Quadrupole-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (DART-QTOF MS). Method optimization was carried out using a design of experiments approach, highlighting gas temperature and valve rotation as key parameters. Optimizing these conditions led to a significant increase in signal intensity. Eighty authentic oils from ten categories were analyzed. Multivariate statistical analysis revealed clear discrimination of EVOO from other oils and enabled detection of EVOO adulteration down to 1 % with vegetable oils and 5 % with lower-quality olive oils. Key authenticity markers, including phenols, squalene, and triacylglycerols (TAGs), were identified. The proposed method demonstrates high potential for rapid, reliable EVOO authentication in routine quality control.