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Related Concept Videos

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
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Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Andrew R Bender1, Pavithran Pattiam Giriprakash1, Zhengshi Yang1

  • 1Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las Vegas, NV, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Alzheimer's disease pathology, indicated by amyloid-beta (Aβ), alters brain white matter organization. Novel diffusion MRI measures of fiber dispersion show strong links to Aβ levels and cognitive function in older adults.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Neuroscience
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Alzheimer's disease (AD) is linked to brain microstructure changes, detectable with diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI).
  • Smaller, later-developing axons may be vulnerable in early AD, potentially measurable by dMRI metrics like fiber density (FD) and dispersion.
  • This study investigates if elevated amyloid-beta (Aβ) predicts changes in FD and fiber dispersion in non-demented older adults and their relation to cognition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if amyloid-beta (Aβ) levels correlate with altered white matter microstructure in older adults without dementia.
  • To assess the sensitivity of dMRI-derived fiber density (FD) and fiber dispersion to Aβ-related neuropathology.
  • To explore the relationship between these microstructural changes and cognitive performance.

Main Methods:

  • 122 participants (cognitively unimpaired or mild cognitive impairment) underwent multi-shell dMRI and amyloid PET scans.
  • dMRI data processed using MRtrix3 to quantify voxelwise fiber density (FD) and fiber dispersion.
  • Mass-univariate analyses examined Aβ (centiloid levels) predicting FD and dispersion, controlling for covariates; results corrected for familywise error rate.

Main Results:

  • Higher Aβ predicted reduced fiber dispersion in key brain regions (e.g., transcallosal, cingulum, hippocampus) but increased dispersion in cerebellar regions.
  • Fiber dispersion strongly correlated with Aβ centiloid levels (r = -0.78, p < .001).
  • Aβ positively predicted FD in specific white matter tracts; fiber dispersion, not FD, significantly predicted cognitive performance across multiple domains.

Conclusions:

  • Amyloid-beta (Aβ) neuropathology is associated with altered white matter organization in adults without dementia.
  • Fiber dispersion is a novel dMRI measure strongly correlating with Aβ levels and cognitive function, independent of age and sex.
  • Combined modeling of fiber density and dispersion provides complementary insights into AD-related microstructural changes and cognitive impact.