Immunomodulatory mesoporous bioactive glass/interleukin-4 nanocomplex promotes bone regeneration

Mesoporous bioactive glass (MBG) is widely used bone repair material owing to its excellent biocompatibility and osteogenic properties. However, its limited immunomodulatory capacities may hinder the establishment of favorable microenvironment for bone regeneration. In this work, a novel immunomodulatory mesoporous bioactive glass/interleukin-4 nanocomplex (MBG-g-PL/IL-4) was prepared via incorporating IL-4 into the pores of ε-polylysine modified MBG nanoparticles (MBG-g-PL), which could regulate macrophage polarization from M1 towards M2 phenotype and facilitated osteogenic differentiation of osteoblast precursor cells. The in vivo results showed MBG-g-PL/IL-4 could significantly promote new bone formation in rat calvarial defect area via remodeling osteoimmune microenvironment, indicating the potential of MBG-g-PL/IL-4 nanocomplex as an ideal bone repair material.