A review on microplastics in bivalves: analysis, quantification, and effects

Area of Science:

• Environmental Science
• Marine Biology
• Ecotoxicology

Background:

• Microplastic (MP) contamination threatens aquatic ecosystems and food security.
• Bivalves are significant vectors for MPs due to ingestion and their role in the food chain.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review and synthesize current knowledge on microplastic bioaccumulation in bivalves.
• To assess the prevalence, forms, polymers, and colors of MPs in bivalves.
• To evaluate the utility of bivalves as bioindicators of MP pollution.

Main Methods:

• Systematic literature review of 56 articles published between 2016 and 2024.
• Keywords included microplastics, bivalves, abundance, shape, and color.
• Analysis of experimental studies, biomonitoring data, and MP prevalence.

Main Results:

• Bivalves accumulate diverse MP types, with fibers being the most prevalent form.
• Polystyrene and polypropylene are common polymers; black and white MPs are most frequently reported.
• MP loads vary significantly by bivalve species and geographic location, linked to local pollution sources.

Conclusions:

• Bivalves are effective bioindicators of microplastic pollution.
• Understanding MP accumulation in bivalves is vital for ecosystem health monitoring.
• Findings support strategies for managing MP pollution and ensuring food safety.