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Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Protocol for Microplastics Sampling on the Sea Surface and Sample Analysis

Protocol for Microplastics Sampling on the Sea Surface and Sample Analysis

Published on: December 16, 2016

A review on microplastics in bivalves: analysis, quantification, and effects.

Mahdi Kargar¹, Amir Hossein Hamidian², Burhan Basaran³

¹Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, University College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 4314, Karaj, 31587-77878, Iran.

Environmental Monitoring and Assessment

|December 26, 2025

Summary

Bivalves readily ingest microplastics (MPs), accumulating various forms like fibers. These marine organisms serve as crucial bioindicators for monitoring MPs pollution and protecting food security.

Keywords:

Bioaccumulation Bivalves Microplastic characterization Microplastic contamination Polymer composition Seafood safety

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Area of Science:

Environmental Science
Marine Biology
Ecotoxicology

Background:

Microplastic (MP) contamination threatens aquatic ecosystems and food security.
Bivalves are significant vectors for MPs due to ingestion and their role in the food chain.

Purpose of the Study:

To review and synthesize current knowledge on microplastic bioaccumulation in bivalves.
To assess the prevalence, forms, polymers, and colors of MPs in bivalves.
To evaluate the utility of bivalves as bioindicators of MP pollution.

Main Methods:

Systematic literature review of 56 articles published between 2016 and 2024.
Keywords included microplastics, bivalves, abundance, shape, and color.
Analysis of experimental studies, biomonitoring data, and MP prevalence.

Main Results:

Bivalves accumulate diverse MP types, with fibers being the most prevalent form.
Polystyrene and polypropylene are common polymers; black and white MPs are most frequently reported.
MP loads vary significantly by bivalve species and geographic location, linked to local pollution sources.

Conclusions:

Bivalves are effective bioindicators of microplastic pollution.
Understanding MP accumulation in bivalves is vital for ecosystem health monitoring.
Findings support strategies for managing MP pollution and ensuring food safety.