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Methodological development for core outcome sets in population health research: a mixed-methods study.

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This study develops core outcome set (COS) methodology for population health research, addressing its unique complexities and stakeholder needs. Findings promote rigorous COS development and implementation in public health trials.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Health Services Research
  • Methodology

Background:

  • Core Outcome Sets (COS) are vital for evidence synthesis but underutilized in population health research due to intervention complexity and stakeholder diversity.
  • Existing COS guidance, developed for biomedical trials, requires adaptation for population health research contexts.
  • This research addresses the need for tailored COS methodology in population health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To formulate COS methodology suitable for population health research trials.
  • To identify priority areas for COS development in population health.
  • To explore strategies for promoting the uptake and use of COS in population health.

Main Methods:

  • A mixed-methods approach involving a public health evidence review (264 Cochrane reviews analyzed).
  • Stakeholder data review of existing COS and public health guidance (50 non-population health COS, 22 population health COS, 61 NICE guidance documents).
  • Expert workshops with 41 participants to discuss routine data, methodological adaptations, and uptake barriers/facilitators.

Main Results:

  • Eighty of 264 reviews recommended outcome standardization, with 13 suggesting COS development.
  • Population health COS and NICE guidance involved fewer stakeholder groups (4.7 and 6.1) compared to non-population health COS (7).
  • Five methodological recommendations were formulated, addressing COS development, routine data, stakeholders, and uptake in population health.

Conclusions:

  • Proposes a framework for developing and implementing COS specifically for population health research.
  • Identifies key areas for future COS development and recommends implementation strategies.
  • Explores novel applications, including standardizing routinely collected health and non-health data, enhancing existing COS guidance.