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  11. Individual And Communal Factors Associated With Re-trafficking Vulnerability Among Women Survivors In Kampala, Central Uganda

Individual and Communal Factors Associated with Re-Trafficking Vulnerability Among Women Survivors in Kampala, Central Uganda

Violet Nkwanzi1, Robert M Bulamba2, David Okech3

  • 1East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, USA.

Journal of Interpersonal Violence
|December 27, 2025

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View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Human trafficking in Uganda disproportionately affects women and girls, increasing their risk of re-trafficking. This study found transactional sex and widowhood elevate risk, while education and family support offer protection for survivors.

Area of Science:

  • Sociology
  • Public Health
  • Criminology

Background:

  • Human trafficking is a significant global issue with severe consequences for survivors.
  • In Uganda, women and girls are disproportionately affected by trafficking, facing a high risk of re-trafficking.
  • Understanding the factors contributing to re-trafficking vulnerability is crucial for effective intervention and support.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the socio-demographic characteristics influencing re-trafficking vulnerability among female survivors in Uganda.
  • To assess the role of perceived social support (PSS) in mitigating re-trafficking risk.
  • To identify individual and communal factors associated with re-trafficking vulnerability in this population.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 350 female survivors of sex and labor trafficking (aged 18-35) in Kampala, Uganda.
Keywords:
Ugandafemale survivorshuman traffickingre-trafficking vulnerability

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  • Data collected via face-to-face interviews using structured questionnaires, including the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support and the Adult Human Trafficking Screening Tool (AHTST).
  • Bivariate and multivariate Poisson regression models were employed for data analysis using Stata version 17.

    • Main Results:

    • A significant proportion of participants (70.3%) were young adults (18-24 years), 80% were single, and 48% had only primary education.
    • Transactional sex was strongly associated with re-trafficking vulnerability (99.1%).
    • Transactional sex and widowhood increased re-trafficking risk (aRR=1.06 and aRR=1.04, respectively), while primary education and family support reduced risk (aRR=0.95).

    Conclusions:

    • Transactional sex and widowhood are significant risk factors for re-trafficking among female survivors in Uganda.
    • Strengthening social support systems, promoting education, and creating economic opportunities are vital for reducing re-trafficking vulnerability.
    • Interventions should address these factors to support the long-term reintegration of survivors and prevent re-trafficking.
    social support