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Allergic phenotypes and asthma in multiple sclerosis: Epidemiologic and genetic relationships
Farren Briggs1, Anda Nyati2, Sophia Zweig3
1Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
Multiple Sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England)
|December 27, 2025
Summary
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is linked to fewer seasonal allergies. Genetic factors for MS also influence allergy risk in individuals with MS.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Genetics
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Multiple sclerosis (MS) and allergic disorders (ADs) are traditionally viewed as immunologically distinct conditions.
- Previous research suggests potential inverse associations and shared genetic influences between MS and ADs.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare the prevalence of asthma and allergic phenotypes in persons with MS (PwMS) versus controls.
- To examine AD prevalence across different MS clinical courses.
- To investigate the association between MS genetic risk factors (HLA-DRB1*15:01, genetic risk score) and ADs in PwMS.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of survey and genotype data from 1542 PwMS and 700 controls.
- Logistic regression models adjusted for confounders.
- Genetic analyses in 1252 PwMS to assess effects of HLA-DRB1*15:01 and a non-MHC genetic risk score (GRS) on ADs.
Main Results:
- Persons with MS (PwMS) exhibited lower odds of seasonal allergies compared to controls (OR=0.79).
- A non-significant trend for reduced AD prevalence was observed in primary progressive MS versus relapsing-onset MS (OR=0.58).
- In PwMS, HLA-DRB1*15:01 was linked to increased odds of gluten allergies, while the GRS showed an inverse association with childhood-onset seasonal allergies.
Conclusions:
- Multiple sclerosis is associated with a reduced prevalence of seasonal allergies.
- Genetic risk factors for MS appear to modulate allergy susceptibility in individuals with the condition.
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