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Related Concept Videos

Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Testing Targeted Therapies in Cancer using Structural DNA Alteration Analysis and Patient-Derived Xenografts
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Proteogenomic Characterization Reveals Subtype-Specific Therapeutic Potential for HER2-Low Breast Cancer.

Shouping Xu1,2, Keda Yu3, Lei Liu1

  • 1Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China.

Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
|December 27, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study reveals three distinct molecular subtypes of HER2-low breast cancer using multiomic profiling. These subtypes suggest tailored therapies, including endocrine, antiangiogenic, and anti-HER2 treatments, for improved patient management.

Keywords:
HER2‐lowbreast cancerprecision treatmentproteomicstumor subtyping

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • HER2-low breast cancer exhibits molecular heterogeneity, complicating precise patient management.
  • Understanding the molecular landscape is crucial for developing targeted therapeutic strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To perform longitudinal multiomic profiling of HER2-low breast cancer.
  • To identify distinct molecular subtypes and their potential therapeutic implications.
  • To characterize genomic features and lactate modification landscape.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal multiomic profiling (genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, lactylomics, phosphoproteomics) of 250 HER2-low breast cancer samples.
  • Proteomic subtype classification into PS1, PS2, and PS3.
  • Validation in external datasets and patient-derived organoid (PDO) models.

Main Results:

  • Identification of three proteomic subtypes: PS1 (estrogen response), PS2 (angiogenesis), and PS3 (proliferation/HER2-high like).
  • Distinct features and potential therapeutic strategies (endocrine, antiangiogenic, anti-HER2) associated with each subtype.
  • Detailed genomic characterization and lactate modification landscape map provided.

Conclusions:

  • The identified proteomic subtypes offer a framework for precise therapeutic strategies in HER2-low breast cancer.
  • Multiomic profiling reveals key molecular characteristics essential for advancing treatment.
  • Findings support the development of personalized treatment approaches for this patient population.