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Biofilms are complex communities of microorganisms encased in a self-produced extracellular polysaccharide matrix attached to surfaces. These microbial consortia can include single or multiple species, providing enhanced survival benefits by forming organized, multilayered structures.The formation of biofilms occurs through four key stages: attachment, colonization, development, and dispersal.During attachment, free-swimming planktonic cells adhere to a surface, often facilitated by...
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Author Spotlight: Advances in Evaluating Human Lung Epithelial Cells' Response to Metal-Organic Frameworks
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Metformin-Based Covalent Organic Frameworks With Excellent Biosafety and High Efficiency against Pathogenic

Jia-Yi Liu1, Hong Jiang1, Lei Ma1

  • 1Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China.

Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
|December 27, 2025
PubMed
Summary

New metformin-based cationic materials offer potent antimicrobial solutions. These materials demonstrate high efficiency against bacteria and viruses with excellent safety, paving the way for advanced biomedical applications.

Keywords:
biosafetycovalent organic frameworksmetforminphotoactivity

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Rising threat of pathogenic microorganisms and antibiotic resistance necessitates novel antimicrobial strategies.
  • Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) show promise for photocatalytic antibacterial applications but require improved biosafety and practical translation.
  • Metformin-based materials offer potential for enhanced antimicrobial functionality and safety.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop novel metformin-based photoactive cationic COFs (MCOFs) with synergistic functionality and enhanced biosafety.
  • To investigate the antibacterial and antiviral mechanisms of the engineered MCOFs.
  • To create a functional composite membrane for practical biomedical applications.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis and characterization of two metformin-based photoactive cationic MCOFs.
  • Evaluation of broad-spectrum light absorption, charge separation, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation.
  • Assessment of antibacterial and antiviral inactivation efficiency (>99%).
  • Biocompatibility testing (LD50 >5000 mg/kg).
  • Mechanistic studies using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and transcriptome analysis.
  • Fabrication of a COF/thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) composite functional membrane.

Main Results:

  • Engineered MCOFs exhibit broad-spectrum light absorption and efficient charge separation, generating multiple ROS for >99% bacterial/viral inactivation.
  • Demonstrated excellent biocompatibility with LD50 >5000 mg/kg.
  • Revealed a triple synergistic antibacterial pathway: membrane targeting, ROS attack, and metabolic interference.
  • The COF/TPU composite membrane achieved >99% antibacterial/antiviral efficiency and 98.3% inhibition of MRSA.

Conclusions:

  • Metformin-based MCOFs provide a novel design strategy for synergistic functionality and enhanced biosafety.
  • The developed MCOFs and composite membranes show significant potential for biomedical applications, including anti-infection protection and wound healing.
  • This study offers a promising material platform for combating drug-resistant bacterial infections.