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Risk Factors for Gestational Stress Urinary Incontinence: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
De-Feng Chen1, Si-Di Dai1, Hua-Ting Chen2
1The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, School of Nursing, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Introduction And Hypothesis:
Pregnant women's physical health and quality of life are affected by gestational stress urinary incontinence (GSUI), requiring therapeutic attention to this obstetric issue.
Methods:
To review and analyze the factors influencing GSUI, a literature search was conducted in both Chinese and English databases, including Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, WanFang, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure. Cohort studies, cross-sectional studies, and other studies that fit the population and research focus were included; conference papers and review articles were not.
Results:
Twenty studies were included. In the univariate analysis, factors influencing GSUI included: previous vaginal delivery, parity, miscarriage, previous infant > 4 kg, age, constipation during pregnancy, pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT), and multiple gravidity. In the multivariate analysis, factors influencing GSUI included previous vaginal delivery, parity, previous infant > 4 kg, age, constipation during pregnancy, PFMT, BMI during pregnancy, and gestational age.
Conclusions:
Previous vaginal delivery, constipation, and previous infant > 4 kg are key risk factors for GSUI, with PFMT showing a protective effect. Clinicians should integrate preventive strategies into antenatal care to reduce the incidence of GSUI.
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