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Related Concept Videos

¹H NMR of Labile Protons: Deuterium (²H) Substitution00:48

¹H NMR of Labile Protons: Deuterium (²H) Substitution

1.3K
This lesson illustrates the role of deuterium substitution in simplifying the NMR spectrum of compounds comprising labile protons. One method employed is the use of deuterium. Amongst the three isotopes of hydrogen, deuterium (2H) has a nucleus composed of one proton and one neutron. When the D2O solvent is added to a pure dry ethanol solution, its labile proton is substituted with deuterium.
1.3K
π Electron Effects on Chemical Shift: Overview01:27

π Electron Effects on Chemical Shift: Overview

1.6K
An applied magnetic field causes loosely bound π-electrons in organic molecules to circulate, producing a local or induced diamagnetic field over a large spatial volume. As the molecules tumble in solution, the field generated by π-electrons in spherical substituents results in a zero net field. However, the net field generated by π-electrons in non-spherical substituents is not zero. The effect of this induced field depends on the orientation of the molecule with respect to B0,...
1.6K
Proton (¹H) NMR: Chemical Shift01:07

Proton (¹H) NMR: Chemical Shift

3.2K
Organic molecules primarily contain carbon and hydrogen atoms. While all the hydrogen isotopes are NMR-active, protium or hydrogen-1 is the most abundant. It has a significant energy separation between its nuclear spin states due to its large gyromagnetic ratio. As per Boltzmann's distribution, an increase in the energy separation implies a greater excess population of nuclei available for excitation, resulting in a strong NMR absorption signal.
Absorption signals of all the protium nuclei...
3.2K
¹H NMR of Labile Protons: Temporal Resolution01:10

¹H NMR of Labile Protons: Temporal Resolution

1.6K
Protons bonded to heteroatoms such as nitrogen and oxygen exhibit a range of chemical shift values. This is due to the varying degree of hydrogen bonding between the proton and the heteroatom in other molecules. The extent of hydrogen bonding affects the electron density around the proton, thereby giving different chemical shift values for the protons in the proton NMR spectrum.
The –OH proton in alcohols typically appears in the range of δ 2 to 5 ppm but can vary depending on the specific...
1.6K
Regioselectivity and Stereochemistry of Acid-Catalyzed Hydration02:34

Regioselectivity and Stereochemistry of Acid-Catalyzed Hydration

9.4K
The rate of acid-catalyzed hydration of alkenes depends on the alkene's structure, as the presence of alkyl substituents at the double bond can significantly influence the rate.
9.4K
¹³C NMR: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT)01:20

¹³C NMR: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT)

1.6K
When proton-coupled carbon-13 spectra are simplified by a broadband proton decoupling technique, structural information about the coupled protons is lost. Distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer (DEPT) is a technique that provides information on the number of hydrogens attached to each carbon in a molecule. While the DEPT experiment utilizes complex pulse sequences, the pulse delay and flip angle are specifically manipulated. The resulting signals have different phases depending on...
1.6K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Isotopic Effect in Double Proton Transfer Process of Porphycene Investigated by Enhanced QM/MM Method
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Isotopic Effect in Double Proton Transfer Process of Porphycene Investigated by Enhanced QM/MM Method

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Proton-Transfer Isomerization Driven by Strong Electric Fields in Aqueous Microdroplets.

Yu-Jia Qi1, Yue-Wen Zhou1, Juan Tan1

  • 1Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|December 27, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Aqueous microdroplets generate strong electric fields that drive proton-transfer isomerization. This method precisely controls chemical reactions and reduces the toxicity of environmental pollutants like 6PPD-Q.

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Last Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Isotopic Effect in Double Proton Transfer Process of Porphycene Investigated by Enhanced QM/MM Method
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Spatial Separation of Molecular Conformers and Clusters
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Spatial Separation of Molecular Conformers and Clusters

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Aqueous Droplets Used as Enzymatic Microreactors and Their Electromagnetic Actuation
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Aqueous Droplets Used as Enzymatic Microreactors and Their Electromagnetic Actuation

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Area of Science:

  • Physical Chemistry
  • Environmental Science
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Proton-transfer isomerization is crucial in chemistry and materials science.
  • Conventional methods for electric field-driven isomerization face stability and operational challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the use of microdroplet-generated electric fields for proton-transfer isomerization.
  • To explore the control of isomerization equilibrium and isomer distribution.
  • To assess the potential for mitigating environmental pollutant toxicity.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized aqueous microdroplets to generate strong interfacial electric fields.
  • Employed mass spectrometry (MS), SERS, UV-vis spectroscopy, and DFT calculations.
  • Investigated the isomerization of 2,5-diamino-1,4-benzoquinone (DABQ) and 6PPD-Q.

Main Results:

  • Microdroplet electric fields efficiently drive proton-transfer isomerization of DABQ via a water-assisted pathway.
  • Interfacial electric field strength precisely controls isomerization equilibrium and isomer distribution.
  • Spontaneous isomerization of 6PPD-Q in microdroplets significantly reduces its ecological toxicity.

Conclusions:

  • Aqueous microdroplets provide a novel platform for studying and controlling proton-transfer isomerization.
  • This approach offers a promising strategy for reducing the toxicity of environmental pollutants.
  • Demonstrates precise control over chemical reactions using engineered electric fields.