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Design and Use of a Low Cost, Automated Morbidostat for Adaptive Evolution of Bacteria Under Antibiotic Drug Selection

Design and Use of a Low Cost, Automated Morbidostat for Adaptive Evolution of Bacteria Under Antibiotic Drug Selection

Published on: September 27, 2016

An automated platform for accelerating and focusing adaptive laboratory evolution.

Peter Ruppen¹, Maximilian Ole Bahls¹, Michael Sebastian Gerlt²

¹Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Basel, Switzerland.

Metabolic Engineering

|December 27, 2025

Summary

This study presents an automated microfluidic platform that accelerates bacterial transformation via electroporation. This innovation streamlines adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) for engineering novel microbial phenotypes.

Keywords:

Automation E. coli Electroporation Genome editing Medium exchange Microfluidics Transformation

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Area of Science:

Microbiology
Synthetic Biology
Biotechnology

Background:

Adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) is vital for developing microorganisms with desired traits under selective pressure.
ALE is often slow due to mutagenesis rates and the labor-intensive nature of genetic engineering.
Existing genome editing methods are cumbersome and conflict with the continuous ALE process.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop an automated microfluidic platform to accelerate bacterial transformation.
To integrate transformation with ALE for efficient engineering of microbial phenotypes.
To demonstrate the platform's utility in a riboflavin prototrophy engineering experiment.

Main Methods:

Development of a fully integrated microfluidic platform for automated bacterial electroporation.
Application of oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis within the microfluidic system.
Integration of the platform with an adaptive laboratory evolution experiment in Escherichia coli.

Main Results:

The microfluidic platform automates and significantly accelerates bacterial transformation.
The system streamlines the engineering process, making it less labor-intensive.
Demonstrated successful acceleration of engineering riboflavin prototrophy in E. coli.

Conclusions:

Automated microfluidic electroporation platforms can overcome limitations in ALE.
This technology facilitates rapid engineering of complex microbial traits.
The platform offers a push-button solution for accelerating microbial evolution and engineering.